What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming style that organizes code around objects — bundles of data and the functions that work with that data. Think of it like organizing a library: instead of having all books in one giant pile, you organize them by category, author, and subject. Each book (object) has properties (like title, author) and can be checked out or returned (methods).

Core Concepts:

• Classes: Blueprints for creating objects (like a cookie cutter)
• Objects: Instances of classes (like individual cookies)
• Encapsulation: Keeping data and methods together, hiding internal details
• Inheritance: Creating new classes based on existing ones
• Polymorphism: Different objects responding to the same method in different ways

Why It Matters:

• Organization: Code is easier to understand and maintain
• Reusability: Write code once, use it many times
• Modularity: Change one part without breaking others
• Modeling: Maps well to real-world concepts