What is WebSocket?

WebSocket is a protocol that enables two-way, real-time communication between a client and server. Unlike HTTP where the client always initiates requests, WebSocket allows both sides to send messages anytime. It's like upgrading from walkie-talkies (HTTP) to a phone call (WebSocket) — you can talk and listen simultaneously.

How It Works:

1. Handshake: Client sends HTTP request asking to upgrade to WebSocket
2. Connection: Server accepts, connection upgrades to WebSocket
3. Persistent: Connection stays open (unlike HTTP's request-response)
4. Bidirectional: Both client and server can send messages
5. Real-time: Messages arrive instantly

WebSocket vs HTTP:

• HTTP: Request-response, client initiates, stateless
• WebSocket: Persistent connection, bidirectional, stateful

When to Use WebSocket:

• Real-time chat: Instant messaging
• Live updates: Stock prices, sports scores
• Collaborative editing: Multiple users editing together
• Gaming: Real-time multiplayer
• Notifications: Push notifications to browser

Benefits:

• Low latency: No HTTP overhead per message
• Efficient: Persistent connection, less overhead
• Real-time: Instant communication