Fine-tuning a language model can be a complex task, but with the right dataset, hardware, and training script, you can achieve impressive results. In this article, we will walk through the process of fine-tuning the Mistral 7B model using a specific dataset, hardware setup, and training script.
The Data: A Python Code Dataset
The foundation of any successful AI model is the dataset it’s trained on. In this case, we’re using a Python code dataset sourced from HuggingFace called iamtarun/python_code_instructions_18k_alpaca. To make the dataset compatible with Mistral''s prompt format, the data was formatted as follows:
text = "<s>[INST] Python question\n\n {sample inputs if any} [/INST]
```python\n {outputs}```
</s>"
Additionally, special symbols (```` symbols) were added to make the dataset compatible with chatbot user interfaces that display code.
The Training Script: Mistral 7B Fine-Tuning
The training script utilized in this process is a modified version of a Llama training script shared by the community. The script includes various components, such as data loading, model creation, tokenization, and training. Some notable features of the script include the use of BitsAndBytes for 4-bit quantization and Peft (Parameter Efficient Fine Tuning) for model enhancement.
Importing Libraries and Modules:
Loading the necessary libraries and arguments:
## Package Versions
# * transformers==4.35.0
# * peft==0.5.0
# * bitsandbytes==0.41.1
# * accelerate==0.22.0
# * trl==0.7.2
# * pydantic-settings==2.0.3
import os
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Optional
from datasets.arrow_dataset import Dataset
import torch
from datasets import load_dataset
from peft import LoraConfig
from peft import AutoPeftModelForCausalLM
from transformers import (
AutoModelForCausalLM,
AutoTokenizer,
BitsAndBytesConfig,
HfArgumentParser,
AutoTokenizer,
TrainingArguments,
)
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings
from trl import SFTTrainer
torch.manual_seed(42)
# @dataclass
class ScriptArguments(BaseSettings):
"""
These arguments vary depending on how many GPUs you have, what their capacity and features are, and what size model you want to train.
"""
local_rank: Optional[int] = field(default=-1, metadata={"help": "Used for multi-gpu"})
per_device_train_batch_size: Optional[int] = field(default=4)
per_device_eval_batch_size: Optional[int] = field(default=4)
gradient_accumulation_steps: Optional[int] = field(default=4)
learning_rate: Optional[float] = field(default=2e-5)
max_grad_norm: Optional[float] = field(default=0.3)
weight_decay: Optional[int] = field(default=0.01)
lora_alpha: Optional[int] = field(default=16)
lora_dropout: Optional[float] = field(default=0.1)
lora_r: Optional[int] = field(default=32)
max_seq_length: Optional[int] = field(default=512)
model_name: Optional[str] = field(
default="mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.1",
metadata={
"help": "The model that you want to train from the Hugging Face hub. E.g. gpt2, gpt2-xl, bert, etc."
}
)
dataset_name: Optional[str] = field(
default="iamtarun/python_code_instructions_18k_alpaca",
metadata={"help": "The preference dataset to use."},
)
use_4bit: Optional[bool] = field(
default=True,
metadata={"help": "Activate 4bit precision base model loading"},
)
use_nested_quant: Optional[bool] = field(
default=False,
metadata={"help": "Activate nested quantization for 4bit base models"},
)
bnb_4bit_compute_dtype: Optional[str] = field(
default="float16",
metadata={"help": "Compute dtype for 4bit base models"},
)
bnb_4bit_quant_type: Optional[str] = field(
default="nf4",
metadata={"help": "Quantization type fp4 or nf4"},
)
num_train_epochs: Optional[int] = field(
default=100,
metadata={"help": "The number of training epochs for the reward model."},
)
fp16: Optional[bool] = field(
default=False,
metadata={"help": "Enables fp16 training."},
)
bf16: Optional[bool] = field(
default=True,
metadata={"help": "Enables bf16 training."},
)
packing: Optional[bool] = field(
default=False,
metadata={"help": "Use packing dataset creating."},
)
gradient_checkpointing: Optional[bool] = field(
default=True,
metadata={"help": "Enables gradient checkpointing."},
)
optim: Optional[str] = field(
default="paged_adamw_32bit",
metadata={"help": "The optimizer to use."},
)
lr_scheduler_type: str = field(
default="constant",
metadata={"help": "Learning rate schedule. Constant a bit better than cosine, and has advantage for analysis"},
)
max_steps: int = field(default=1000000, metadata={"help": "How many optimizer update steps to take"})
warmup_ratio: float = field(default=0.03, metadata={"help": "Fraction of steps to do a warmup for"})
group_by_length: bool = field(
default=True,
metadata={
"help": "Group sequences into batches with same length. Saves memory and speeds up training considerably."
},
)
save_steps: int = field(default=50, metadata={"help": "Save checkpoint every X updates steps."})
logging_steps: int = field(default=50, metadata={"help": "Log every X updates steps."})
merge_and_push: Optional[bool] = field(
default=False,
metadata={"help": "Merge and push weights after training"},
)
output_dir: str = field(
default="./results_packing",
metadata={"help": "The output directory where the model predictions and checkpoints will be written."},
)
parser = HfArgumentParser(ScriptArguments)
script_args = parser.parse_args_into_dataclasses()[0]
Data Generation Functions:
These functions generate batches of training and validation data from the dataset. The training data generator (gen_batches_train) generates samples up to a certain limit and formats them into the desired input format for the Mistral model.
def gen_batches_train():
ds = load_dataset(script_args.dataset_name, streaming=True, split="train")
total_samples = 10000
val_pct = 0.1
train_limit = int(total_samples * (1 - val_pct))
counter = 0
trainbatch=[]
for sample in iter(ds):
if counter >= train_limit:
break
original_prompt = sample[''prompt''].replace("### Input:\n", '').replace(''# Python code\n'', '')
instruction_start = original_prompt.find("### Instruction:") + len("### Instruction:")
# prompt has ### Input\n which i want to remove
instruction_end = original_prompt.find("### Output:")
instruction = original_prompt[instruction_start:instruction_end].strip()
content_start = original_prompt.find("### Output:") + len("### Output:")
content = original_prompt[content_start:].strip()
new_text_format = f''<s>[INST] {instruction} [/INST] ```python\n{content}```</s>''
tokenized_output = tokenizer(new_text_format)
# yield {''text'': new_text_format}
trainbatch.append({''text'': new_text_format})
counter += 1
return trainbatch
def gen_batches_val():
ds = load_dataset(script_args.dataset_name, streaming=True, split="train")
total_samples = 10000
val_pct = 0.1
train_limit = int(total_samples * (1 - val_pct))
counter = 0
trainbatch =[]
for sample in iter(ds):
if counter < train_limit:
counter += 1
continue
if counter >= total_samples:
break
original_prompt = sample[''prompt''].replace("### Input:\n", '').replace(''# Python code\n'', '')
instruction_start = original_prompt.find("### Instruction:") + len("### Instruction:")
instruction_end = original_prompt.find("### Output:")
instruction = original_prompt[instruction_start:instruction_end].strip()
content_start = original_prompt.find("### Output:") + len("### Output:")
content = original_prompt[content_start:].strip()
new_text_format = f''<s>[INST] {instruction} [/INST] ```python\n{content}```</s>''
tokenized_output = tokenizer(new_text_format)
# yield {''text'': new_text_format}
trainbatch.append({''text'': new_text_format})
counter += 1
return trainbatch
Model Creation and Configuration:
This function creates and configures the Mistral model based on the provided arguments. It returns the configured model, Peft configuration, and tokenizer.
def create_and_prepare_model(args):
compute_dtype = getattr(torch, args.bnb_4bit_compute_dtype)
bnb_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(
load_in_4bit=args.use_4bit,
bnb_4bit_quant_type=args.bnb_4bit_quant_type,
bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=compute_dtype,
bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=args.use_nested_quant,
)
if compute_dtype == torch.float16 and args.use_4bit:
major, _ = torch.cuda.get_device_capability()
if major >= 8:
print("=" * 80)
print("Your GPU supports bfloat16, you can accelerate training with the argument --bf16")
print("=" * 80)
# Load the entire model on the GPU 0
# switch to `device_map = "auto"` for multi-GPU
device_map = {"": 0}
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
args.model_name,
quantization_config=bnb_config,
device_map=device_map,
use_auth_token=True,
# revision="refs/pr/35"
)
#### LLAMA STUFF
# check: https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/pull/24906
model.config.pretraining_tp = 1
# model.config.
#### LLAMA STUFF
model.config.window = 256
peft_config = LoraConfig(
lora_alpha=script_args.lora_alpha,
lora_dropout=script_args.lora_dropout,
r=script_args.lora_r,
bias="none",
task_type="CAUSAL_LM",
target_modules=[
"q_proj",
"k_proj",
"v_proj",
"o_proj",
"gate_proj",
"up_proj",
"down_proj",
"lm_head",
],
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(script_args.model_name, trust_remote_code=True)
tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.eos_token
return model, peft_config, tokenizer
Training Configuration and Initialization:
The SFTTrainer class is initialized with the configured model, training and validation datasets, and training arguments. The trainer.train() method is called to start the training process.
training_arguments = TrainingArguments(
output_dir=script_args.output_dir,
per_device_train_batch_size=script_args.per_device_train_batch_size,
gradient_accumulation_steps=script_args.gradient_accumulation_steps,
optim=script_args.optim,
save_steps=script_args.save_steps,
logging_steps=script_args.logging_steps,
learning_rate=script_args.learning_rate,
fp16=script_args.fp16,
bf16=script_args.bf16,
evaluation_strategy="steps",
max_grad_norm=script_args.max_grad_norm,
max_steps=script_args.max_steps,
warmup_ratio=script_args.warmup_ratio,
group_by_length=script_args.group_by_length,
lr_scheduler_type=script_args.lr_scheduler_type,
)
model, peft_config, tokenizer = create_and_prepare_model(script_args)
model.config.use_cache = False
train_gen = Dataset.from_list(gen_batches_train)
val_gen = Dataset.from_list(gen_batches_val)
# Fix weird overflow issue with fp16 training
tokenizer.padding_side = "right"
trainer = SFTTrainer(
model=model,
train_dataset=train_gen,
eval_dataset=val_gen,
peft_config=peft_config,
dataset_text_field="text",
max_seq_length=script_args.max_seq_length,
tokenizer=tokenizer,
args=training_arguments,
packing=script_args.packing,
)
trainer.train()
Hyperparameters and Configuration
- Max Sequence Length: 512 tokens
- Sliding Window Size: 256 tokens
- Batch Size: 4
- Learning Rate: 2e-5
- Optimizer: Paged AdamW 32-bit
- 4-Bit Quantization: Enabled
- Lora Hyperparameters:
- lora_alpha: 16 (for numerical stability and representational capacity)
- lora_dropout: 0.1 (dropout rate for regularization)
- lora_r: Flexible (commonly between 8 and 64, balancing performance and efficiency)
Conclusion
Fine-tuning a powerful model like Mistral 7B requires careful consideration of the dataset, hardware, and training parameters. By following the outlined process and understanding the key components of the training script, you can adapt and apply similar techniques to other use cases, further expanding the capabilities of AI-driven applications. Happy coding!